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13 Mar 2025Dr Zaid Ismail

Paediatric Vital Signs

Introduction Accurate assessment of vital signs in children is critical in detecting illness severity and guiding clinical decisions. Normal ranges vary significantly by age, making age-specific reference values essential. Visual...

Introduction

Accurate assessment of vital signs in children is critical in detecting illness severity and guiding clinical decisions. Normal ranges vary significantly by age, making age-specific reference values essential.

Visual Summary

Age GroupHeart RateRespiratory RateBlood Pressure
Neonates
(0-28 days)120-16030-6060–80/40–50
Infants
(1–12 months)100-16025-5070–100/50–65
Toddlers
(1–3 years)90-15020-3080–110/55–70
Preschool
(3–5 years)80-14020-2580–110/55–75
School-Age
(6–12 years)70-12015-2590–120/60–80
Adolescents
(13–18 years)60-10012-20100–120/65–85

Clinical Considerations

  • Heart Rate: Elevated rates may indicate fever, dehydration, pain, or distress. Low rates may indicate serious illness, particularly in neonates and infants.
  • Respiratory Rate: Elevated rates can suggest respiratory illness, metabolic disorders, or sepsis.
  • Blood Pressure: Hypotension may indicate shock or severe illness, while hypertension requires investigation for renal or cardiovascular issues.

Summary

  • Vital signs differ widely across age groups.
  • Accurate assessment relies on knowing age-specific normal ranges.
  • Deviations require prompt clinical evaluation and management.

References