Angina is chest pain caused by myocardial ischaemia, typically due to coronary artery disease. Recognising the differences between stable and unstable angina is crucial for risk stratification and management. Here’s a table comparing...
Initial assessment Start with ABCDE if acutely unwell. Otherwise, take a focused history: Consider risk factors: IHD, smoking, diabetes, HTN, recent surgery, travel, cancer history. Red flags Refer same-day or call 999 if: Differential...
Hypertension affects over a quarter of UK adults and is a major modifiable risk factor for stroke, MI, CKD, and heart failure. Most patients are asymptomatic. Management focuses on accurate diagnosis, cardiovascular risk assessment, and...
Stable angina is a type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t get enough oxygen-rich blood, usually during physical exertion or emotional stress. Stable angina significantly impacts quality of life and...
QRISK3 is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction tool developed in the UK to estimate a person’s 10-year risk of having a heart attack or stroke. It is an update to the earlier QRISK2 algorithm, incorporating additional risk...