Angina is chest pain caused by myocardial ischaemia, typically due to coronary artery disease. Recognising the differences between stable and unstable angina is crucial for risk stratification and management. Here’s a table comparing...
Initial assessment Start with ABCDE if acutely unwell. Otherwise, take a focused history: Consider risk factors: IHD, smoking, diabetes, HTN, recent surgery, travel, cancer history. Red flags Refer same-day or call 999 if: Differential...
Mastoiditis is a bacterial infection of the mastoid air cells in the temporal bone, typically a complication of acute otitis media (AOM). Though less common due to widespread antibiotic use, it remains an ENT emergency due to potential...
Pyloric stenosis is a condition in infants where hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle leads to gastric outlet obstruction. It typically presents in the first few weeks of life and requires prompt diagnosis and surgical management....