Introduction Hypocalcaemia is a condition defined by a serum calcium level below the reference range (typically <2.2 mmol/L total calcium). It can present with neuromuscular, cardiac, and cognitive symptoms, requiring prompt recognition...
Hyponatraemia, defined as a serum sodium concentration of <135 mmol/L, is one of the most common electrolyte disturbances encountered in primary care. It can be associated with significant morbidity, particularly in elderly and frail...
Correct interpretation of Thyroid function tests (TFTs) is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Key Tests TSH Free T4 Free T3 Likely Diagnosis Notes ↑ ↓ – Primary hypothyroidism Most common; treat with...