Gastroenterology

3 articles in this category.

25 Mar 2025•Dr Zaid Ismail

Abdominal Swelling

Abdominal swelling requires a careful assessment to distinguish benign causes from serious pathology. It may be due to distension of any intra-abdominal organ, fluid, fat, flatus, or a mass. History and Examination Take a focused...

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27 Mar 2025•Dr Zaid Ismail

Hepatitis Serology Interpretation

Hepatitis B serology interpretation Marker Meaning HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) Positive = current infection (acute or chronic) Anti-HBs (Hepatitis B surface antibody) ≥10 IU/L = immunity (from past infection or vaccination)...

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27 Mar 2025•Dr Zaid Ismail

Interpreting Liver function tests (LFTs)

Components of the LFT panel Initial pattern recognition Common scenarios in primary care

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