Hepatitis B serology interpretation Marker Meaning HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) Positive = current infection (acute or chronic) Anti-HBs (Hepatitis B surface antibody) ≥10 IU/L = immunity (from past infection or vaccination)...
Components of the LFT panel Initial pattern recognition Common scenarios in primary care
Correct interpretation of Thyroid function tests (TFTs) is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Key Tests TSH Free T4 Free T3 Likely Diagnosis Notes ↑ ↓ – Primary hypothyroidism Most common; treat with...
An elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV) indicates macrocytosis, commonly defined as MCV >100 fL. It’s often picked up incidentally on routine blood tests. The clinical significance varies and should be assessed in context. Common...